While tree-planting might seem like an easy, low-cost way to fight climate change, it can actually cause more harm than good if not done properly.
Large-scale tree planting is often presented as a simple solution to conserving the environment and preventing climate change through carbon capture. But reforestation is more complicated than it looks.
“Tree planting and ecosystem restoration is a good thing,” says environmental scientist Karen Holl at the University of California Santa Cruz, who specializes in restoration ecology. “It needs to be done right, and it shouldn't be thought of as a substitute, but it should be additional to protecting existing ecosystems and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.”
Moreover, there is a conflict between using land for trees and using it for agriculture to generate income or feed growing populations in some parts of the world. Planting trees on land that could be used to grow crops, for livestock to graze or that has been used by nomadic populations can displace indigenous people and take away livelihoods.
Because of this, scientists came up with rules to consider when planning reforestation efforts to determine if the project will provide more benefit than harm.
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