ATLAS and CMS release results of most comprehensive studies yet of Higgsboson's properties nature
is deployed, with the first tier being hardware-based and the second one being software-based. The Level 1 uses custom hardware that processes coarse information from the calorimeters or the muon chambers to select around 100,000 crossings of interest per second, corresponding to a reduction of a factor of about 400. Crossings of interest are selected if the energy deposits in the calorimeters or the momentum of muons, are above predefined thresholds.
Hadronic jets, arising from quarks or gluons, are created from all the particles reconstructed by the PF algorithm within a cone of half-angle of about 25°, centred on the axis determined by the vectorial sum of the momenta of all particles in the jet.Several improvements have been introduced into the CMS experiment since the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012. These include:
The replacement of photodetectors in HCAL and implementation of more precise timing, allowing a reduction of accidental or instrumental backgrounds, for example, stray or out-of-time particles. The upgrade of the Level-1 trigger hardware before LHC Run 2 to improve the selection of physics events of interest. The trigger rate from background processes is reduced and the trigger efficiency improved for a wide variety of physics signals. In the muon system, new trigger processor boards deploy powerful commercial field-programmable gate arrays .
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