Several unexplained measurements are threatening to upend scientists’ understanding of the universe’s origin and fate
Back in the mid-1990s, cosmologists—who study the origin, composition and structure of the universe—were beginning to worry that they were facing a crisis. For starters, two astronomers had observed that a huge swath of the cosmos, a billion light-years or so across, was moving in a direction inconsistent with the general expansion of the universe.
Both problems could signal that scientists are misunderstanding something big about physics, and a recent paper in the journal Physical Review Letters adds to the suspicion that this might be the case—for the S8 tension, at least. In the so-called standard model of cosmology, the universe started off almost but not quite uniformly dense.
“If they’re real,” Weinberg says, “the implications are very profound because you would probably have to modify the theory of gravity on cosmological scales in order to explain it.” And, he adds, “that’s not easy to do.”
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