A growing repertoire of cell and molecule-based immunotherapies is offering patients with indomitable cancers new hope by mobilizing their immune systems against tumor cells. An emerging class of such immunotherapeutics, known as T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs), are of growing importance with several TCBs that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for the treatment of leukemias, lymphomas, and myelomas.
with one of their ends, and attract immune cells with another end to coerce them into tumor cell killing.
The team of bioengineers and immune-oncologists who performed the study at the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Harvard John A.
The researchers' observations were enabled by a 3D printed millifluidic chip, in which kidney organoids are subjected to nutrient and differentiation factor-laden media flowed at controlled rates during their differentiation. The chip device allows researchers to directly observe the tissue using confocal microscopy through a transparent window in real-time.
They demonstrated that an optimal flow rate was able to support the viability of"immune effector" cells, a subpopulation of PBMCs with the ability to kill other cells, over a 5-day period, and that these cells actually infiltrated the nephron-like structures and microvessels present in the kidney organoids on chip.
"Importantly, our central finding was that the WT1-TCB tool compound resulted in the selective killing of WT-1-expressing podocytes in the kidney organoids, while it did not affect cells in the distal and proximal tubules.
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