Are Stem Cell Transplants A Cure For HIV?

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Are Stem Cell Transplants A Cure For HIV?
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A second patient appears to have been “cured” of HIV following a stem cell transplant procedure

, which replaces unhealthy, infected cells, with healthy blood cell precursors. The first successful stem cell transplant occurred in the “Berlin patient,” Timothy Ray Brown, in 2008 and, ten years later, he is still free of HIV.

How susceptible an individual is to HIV infection is in part dependent on viral receptors on the surface of their own white blood cells. People with a specific mutation on the CCR5 gene develop defective receptors, so the HIV virus can’t enter the cell. The person is thus very unlikely to become infected with HIV.Both transplants relied on, so were resistant to HIV. When the donor’s stem cells were successfully transplanted, it replaced the patients’ own cells, conferring this HIV-resistance.

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