Global study finds COVID-19 disease may cause change in menstrualcycle length
we present an analysis of prospectively collected menstrual cycle tracking data to assess whether COVID-19 is associated with changes in cycle length. We compared within-individual changes in cycle length among groups: 1) a COVID-19 group, 2) a COVID-19–vaccinated group, and 3) a control group of unvaccinated participants reporting no history of COVID-19.
Only users aged 16–58 years with a registered period tracker app account and who gave consent for their pseudonymized data to be used for research purposes were sent an in-app message to take part in the survey, “Period and the Pandemic.
After giving consent to link their survey and their prospectively collected menstrual cycle data , users completed the survey questions regarding their COVID-19 vaccination status and dates of vaccination and COVID-19 history , as well as age, body mass index , and country of location.
We excluded individuals who reported hormonal contraceptive use at any time between 2019 and the time of the survey. Data on contraception were taken either from the survey when available or from data tracked by users within the app during the study period. We also excluded users older than age 45 years, those for whom no cycle data were available, those who did not report their COVID-19 and vaccination status, and those who gave inconsistent or no dates for COVID-19 symptoms or vaccination.
We included users with at least five consecutive cycles. For the control group, we selected the last three cycles of 2020 as artificial preevent cycles and two post–first artificial event cycles, inclusive of the event cycle . The artificial event was the first cycle of 2021 that contained January 31, 2021, to reduce bias from asymptomatic cases and align with the timing of most vaccinations. We used alternative dates in sensitivity analyses.
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