Electricalproperties of bacteria: How membrane potential influences antibiotic tolerance UniCologne PLOSBiology
]. In our system, we rather expect the ATP levels to be reduced as a consequence of reduced proton gradient under low oxygen conditions. It will be very interesting to investigate the mechanism of transient hyperpolarization in future work.
We expected that reduced polarization and growth rate made gonococci more tolerant against aminoglycosides and β-lactams, respectively. The absolute decrease in polarization between the outside and the inside of the hyperpolarized shell amounts to a few millivolts only. Yet, we clearly observed that the fraction of dead cells is lower within than outside of the shell after transient kanamycin treatment, indicating that cells are immediately protected against this aminoglycoside.
In summary, we reveal a transition from uncorrelated single-cell fluctuations to collective dynamics of membrane polarization in gonococcal colonies and provide strong evidence that the local oxygen gradient governs this transition. Further, we find that a traveling shell of hyperpolarized cells demarks the differentiation into 2 subpopulations with different growth rates and different levels of antibiotic tolerance.
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