Comparing SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 vaccine breakthrough infections medrxivpreprint irj_pt SARSCoV2 COVID19 Omicron Vaccine BreakthroughInfection
By Shanet Susan AlexJul 28 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, investigators explored the likelihood of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 vaccine breakthrough infections.
Clarifying the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and prior infections on the likelihood of infection and critical post-infection outcomes is pertinent given the circulation of numerous Omicron lineages. Alternative study methods that only incorporate infected patients and measure the vaccine's relative effect might be helpful in the setting of substantially vaccinated communities when it is challenging to construct a negative control cohort.
The authors adopted two different strategies to conduct the study. Initially, they performed a case-case analysis to assess the chances of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infection between Omicron BA.5- and BA.2-infected people. Secondly, the scientists leveraged a cohort study design to examine the vaccine efficiency following COVID-19 against infection-related death and hospitalization in BA.5- and BA.2-infected subjects.
Conclusions The study findings offer significant evidence that might inform public health policies in Portugal and other nations where the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5 lineage is spreading more widely. It implies that the rise in COVID-19 instances observed in countries with elevated BA.5 frequency may be associated with the increased immune escape of BA.5.
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