COVID-19 vaccination protects people with B cell lymphoma and multiple myeloma BCell TCell Lymphoma MultipleMyeloma Myeloma Coronavirus Disease COVID NatureCancer UniFreiburg LMU_Muenchen TU_Muenchen HelmholtzMunich
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.Dec 22 2022Reviewed by Emily Henderson, B.Sc. People with hematologic malignancies are at greater risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; however, studies exploring the immune response to the COVID-19 vaccine have been scarce.
The current study deployed a longitudinal approach to study the T cell and humoral immune responses generated by two and three vaccine doses, using mainly the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. The cohort of individuals had different B cell LYs and MM. Researchers were able to obtain a thorough picture of vaccine-induced immune responses in this group compared to a healthy control group.
Immunology eBook Compilation of the top interviews, articles, and news in the last year. Download a free copy Fourth, the Omicron and, to a lesser extent, Beta and Delta VoCs showed the greatest humoral immune escape. This finding was consistent with recent results on healthy individuals post-vaccination or infection. Fifth, the dominant share of study participants mounted robust vaccine-induced T-cell responses to several recent VoCs.
Research has shown that mRNA-based vaccines induce spike-specific T-cell responses in most healthy recipients. However, more heterogeneous responses have been reported in individuals with cancer. The results on vaccine-induced T cell responses, elicited by 85% of individuals with hematologic cancers included in the study, were consistent with those documented in a large British cancer-cohort study.
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Longitudinal transcriptional analysis of peripheral blood leukocytes in COVID-19 convalescent donors - Journal of Translational MedicineBackground SARS-CoV2 can induce a strong host immune response. Many studies have evaluated antibody response following SARS-CoV2 infections. This study investigated the immune response and T cell receptor diversity in people who had recovered from SARS-CoV2 infection (COVID-19). Methods Using the nCounter platform, we compared transcriptomic profiles of 162 COVID-19 convalescent donors (CCD) and 40 healthy donors (HD). 69 of the 162 CCDs had two or more time points sampled. Results After eliminating the effects of demographic factors, we found extensive differential gene expression up to 241 days into the convalescent period. The differentially expressed genes were involved in several pathways, including virus-host interaction, interleukin and JAK-STAT signaling, T-cell co-stimulation, and immune exhaustion. A subset of 21 CCD samples was found to be highly “perturbed,” characterized by overexpression of PLAU, IL1B, NFKB1, PLEK, LCP2, IRF3, MTOR, IL18BP, RACK1, TGFB1, and others. In addition, one of the clusters, P1 (n = 8) CCD samples, showed enhanced TCR diversity in 7 VJ pairs (TRAV9.1_TCRVA_014.1, TRBV6.8_TCRVB_016.1, TRAV7_TCRVA_008.1, TRGV9_ENST00000444775.1, TRAV18_TCRVA_026.1, TRGV4_ENST00000390345.1, TRAV11_TCRVA_017.1). Multiplexed cytokine analysis revealed anomalies in SCF, SCGF-b, and MCP-1 expression in this subset. Conclusions Persistent alterations in inflammatory pathways and T-cell activation/exhaustion markers for months after active infection may help shed light on the pathophysiology of a prolonged post-viral syndrome observed following recovery from COVID-19 infection. Future studies may inform the ability to identify druggable targets involving these pathways to mitigate the long-term effects of COVID-19 infection. Trial Registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04360278 Registered April 24, 2020.
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