Photographer Sebastião Salgado has spent more than two decades documenting the complex lives of Indigenous Amazonian people as they stand strong in the face of unrelenting colonial forces
Spanning millions of square miles, the Amazon rain forest is home to more than 350 Indigenous ethnic groups, each with a culture as rich and complex as the forest’s own tangled roots. But as non-Indigenous forces encroach on the region at an ever-accelerating rate through deforestation, poaching, mining and land grabs, many Indigenous groups have had to stand their ground against the rising tide of colonial destruction.
Along the way, Salgado has become a staunch advocate for Indigenous sovereignty and environmental protections in this remarkable region. In 1998 the award-winning photographer and his wife founded Instituto Terra, a nonprofit organization dedicated to reforesting and protecting the Amazon in the Brazilian region of Vale do Rio Doce.
Chief Kotok, then leader of the Kamayurá people, wears traditional body paint. The Kamayurá, along with other cultures native to the Xingu region of the Amazon rain forest, create elaborate and gender-specific patterns with paint, highlighting their physical attributes. These brilliant hyacinth macaws, photographed in Jaú National Park in the Brazilian state of Amazonas, have the largest wingspan of any parrot on the planet. Their beauty and size make them frequent targets for poachers to sell in the black-market pet trade. Today an estimated 6,500 individuals exist in the wild.
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