Nature research paper: Detection of phosphates originating from Enceladus’s ocean
in fluids controlled by the hydroxyapatite-calcite buffer. The effects of colder fluids, as used in the experiments, down to oceanic temperatures near 0 °C can be seen. The phosphate concentration increases with lower temperature at constant pH because hydroxyapatite becomes less stable relative to calcite at lower temperatures. To achieve ΣPOin the range 0.
A phosphate:phosphite ratio of at least around 10:1, as implied by our results, is consistent with the much greater thermodynamic stability of phosphates relative to phosphites under Enceladean ocean conditions
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