What times your eat may have a big impact on your metabolism, your cardiovascular health and how many calories you store, two new studies find.
, researchers closely monitored 16 overweight or obese volunteers in a lab setting for four days of eating three meals early — 9 a.m., 1 p.m. and 6:20 p.m. — and then four days with the three meals shifted to four hours later — 1 p.m., 5 p.m. and 10:20 p.m. The calories consumed were the same for the early and late meals.
Each day the volunteers were in the lab, they documented their levels of hunger and food cravings. Environmental factors, such as lighting, room temperature and humidity, were tightly controlled by the researchers. The data suggested that compared to early eating, late food consumption left people hungrier, while also increasing levels of ghrelin, the hunger hormone, and decreasing levels of leptin, the satiety hormone. Moreover, eating late left people with lower body temperatures and slower metabolisms, which resulted in fewer burned calories. There were also signs that late eating could increase fat storage.
“We have one of the most controlled and comprehensive studies to look at this,” Scheer said. “So we were able to isolate the influence of meal timing.”explored the impact of a 12-week program of time-restricted eating — meaning people are allowed to consume food for a set number of hours during the day — in 137 San Diego firefighters who worked in shifts of 24 hours.
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