Mask wearing amplifies harms of smoking
< 0.05, 8 h with mask vs. baseline.corresponds to the differences between the three study groups at each assessment by ANOVA.We measured exhaled CO [parts per million ] with a validated device and pulse wave velocity , augmentation index adjusted for heart rate , and central systolic blood pressure by a validated pulse wave analysis device . Central BP and Aix75 were calculated using a transfer function and PWV by utilizing the time difference between the derived forward and reflected waves.
During systole, the blood volume ejected into the aorta generates a pulse wave . The stiffer the aorta the greater the PWV. This pulse wave runs down and reflects from the bifurcation of aorta and peripheral arteries backwards to the aorta . Aix75 is a marker of the effect of wave reflections on the aortic pulse wave and is defined as x100.
Baseline measurements were performed early in the morning after a night sleep without the use of any mask. After baseline measurements, subjects were randomized to a second assessment at the end of an 8 h morning shift wearing a mask at hospital or to assessment at the end of an 8 h morning period without wearing a mask during out of hospital activities.
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