Efficacy of booster messenger ribonucleic acid COVID-19 vaccinations against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant severity medrxivpreprint PublicHealthON SARSCoV2 COVID19 Omicron Variant Severity
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaNov 4 2022Reviewed by Aimee Molineux In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, researchers estimated the effectiveness of monovalent messenger ribonucleic acid coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variant of concern infection severity outcomes among adults.
The study comprised community residents aged 50 years and above with ≥1 RT-PCR report for SARS-CoV-2 between 2 January 2022 and 1 October 2022. The participants were stratified by time elapsed since COVID-19 vaccination and age. Omicron was detected in almost all SARS-CoV-2-positive samples by late January 2022. The team excluded hospitalized individuals whose samples were obtained >3.0 days post-hospitalization and those with nosocomial infections.
Results Related StoriesThe mean values for the age of cases and controls were 77 years and 66 years, respectively, and 57% of cases and 37% of controls were men. Among the study groups, the proportions of non-vaccinated individuals among cases and controls were 28% and five percent, respectively. Compared to the non-vaccinated, more COVID-19 vaccinees were women, had been administered influenza vaccinations, and resided in moderate- or high-income areas.
Seven to 59 days post-D4, VE restored between 92% and 97% but reduced to 86% to 89% after ≥4.0 months. Consistent trends in marginal VE were observed. The VE estimates were lower during Omicron BA.4/5 predominance compared to those observed during Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 predominance based on a similar number of days elapsed since COVID-19 vaccination. Differences in the VE estimates may have been observed due to greater immune-evasiveness of Omicron BA.4 and Omicron BA.5.
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