There is a good chance you have met or know someone with Down syndrome, one of the most common chromosomal conditions. But there is so much to learn about it beyond its physical traits.
, each year about 6,000 babies are born with Down syndrome, making it the most common chromosomal disorder. That's about 1 in every 700 newborns. Caused by abnormal cell division that results in extra genetic material on chromosome 21, this extra full or partial chromosome results in the developmental and physical differences seen in those with the disorder.Most of the time, Down syndrome is not inherited. Instead, it is caused by abnormal cell division.
Human cells typically contain 23 pairs of chromosomes — one from the mother and one from the father in each pair. When there is an extra chromosome 21, the result is Down syndrome. There are three genetic variations of Down syndrome:: This occurs when there is a third copy of chromosome 21. This is the most typical cause of down syndrome.: Only some cells in the person have an extra copy of chromosome 21. This genetic cause is considered rare.
Translocation Down syndrome can be passed from parent to child, but this is rare. In these cases, the parent may have extra genetic material from chromosome 21 but no signs of Down syndrome themselves. According to the National Down Syndrome Society, Translocation Down syndrome accounts forDown syndrome is usually diagnosed during pregnancy through genetic screening or at birth through diagnostic tests.
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