First day of winter is December 21: The science behind the winter solstice

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First day of winter is December 21: The science behind the winter solstice
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Winter officially begins in the Northern Hemisphere on Dec. 21 with the winter solstice, the day with the least amount of possible daylight and the longest night.

) on the summer solstice. This provides the most direct solar radiation of the year, resulting in more heating of the Earth’s surface and, therefore, warmer temperatures.

The GOES-East and GOES-West satellites on June 21, 2019, simultaneously saw the slanted shadows separating day and night on Earth just minutes after the summer solstice occurred. In the winter, the sunrise is in the southeastern sky and the sunset is in the southwestern sky – a much shorter path across the Northern Hemisphere sky – so days are short and nights are long. The solar-noon sun angle is the lowest and farthest south in the sky on the winter solstice. This means we have the least direct solar radiation of the year on the first day of winter, resulting in colder temperatures because there’s less heating of the Earth’s surface.

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