Fossil footprints show humans in North America more than 21,000 years ago

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Fossil footprints show humans in North America more than 21,000 years ago
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Fossil footprints show humans lived in North America more than 21,000 years ago — several thousand years earlier than scientists once believed.

The footprints are the earliest firm evidence for humans in the Americas and show people must have arrived here before the last Ice Age.

The footprints at White Sands were dated by examining the seeds of an aquatic plant — Ruppia cirrhosa, commonly known as ditchgrass — that once thrived along the shores of the dried-up lake. According to researchin the journal Science and co-authored by Bustos, the ancient ditchgrass seeds were found in layers of hard earth both above and below the many human footprints at the site and radiocarbon dated to determine their age.

The team has studied the footprints at White Sands National Park for years, following the tracks with ground-penetrating radar and excavating trenches.“A footprint is a really good, unequivocal data point,” he said. “That’s the importance of this site — we know they were there.” It’s long been debated if humans first arrived in the Americas via a northern route from Siberia either before or after the Last Glacial Maximum, when vast sheets of ice would have made migration along the Pacific Coast or through western Canada impossible.

“There are multiple footprint layers spanning a significant amount of time, suggesting a sustained human presence in the area during the Last Glacial Maximum, as opposed to a single event,” he said.

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