The extreme environments of galaxy clusters can strangle galaxies to death, but the precise mechanisms are unclear.
Where galaxies live in the universe and how they interact with their surroundings and each other are major influences on their ability to form stars.
Galaxy clusters are the most massive and most extreme environments in the universe, containing many hundreds or even thousands of galaxies. Where you have mass, you also have gravity—and the huge gravitational forces present in clusters accelerates galaxies to great speeds, often thousands of kilometres-per-second, and superheats the plasma in between galaxies to temperatures so high that it glows with X-ray light.
Understanding which quenching mechanisms shut off star formation and how they do it is main the focus of the VERTICO collaboration's research.As galaxies fall through clusters, the intergalactic plasma can rapidly remove their gas in a violent process called. When you remove the fuel for star formation, you effectively kill the galaxy, turning it into a dead object in which no new stars are formed.
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