Chemical fingerprints can show researchers a gem’s past—including where it originated and traveled.
and elements including chromium, vanadium, and copper also impact a gem’s color. Synthetic gems that are less expensive and used in lab experiments are exposed by a signature water peak.
Locations of the investigated gem minerals from Egypt and Saudi Arabia. Scaled photos of colored gem minerals are given. For all, field of view =4 cm. Peridot, Zabargad , off the Egyptian Red Sea coast. Peridot from Harrat Kishb , Saudi Arabia. Emerald and Amazonite, Wadi Sikait, Wadi El-Gemal area, Eastern Desert, Egypt. Low-grade emerald , Wadi Ghazala, Sinai Peninsula, Egypt. Amethyst, Aswan area, Eastern Desert, Egypt. CREDIT: Khedr et al.
The unique crystalline structure of the gems differentiated amazonite beads from Mexico, Jordan, and Egypt, making it possible to follow where they traveled. “Gemstones such as emerald and peridot have been mined since antiquity,” Surour said. “Sometimes, some gemstones were brought by sailors and traders to their homelands. For example, royal crowns in Europe are decorated with peculiar gemstones that originate from either Africa or Asia. We need to have precise methods to distinguish the source of a gemstone and trace ancient trade routes in order to have correct information about the original place from which it was mined.
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