A significant number of people who developed COVID pneumonia were treated with antibiotics to prevent bacterial coinfections. Therefore, a relationship between the pandemic and an increase in cases of antibioticresistant pneumonia in Spain is plausible.
Before COVID-19 vaccines were widely available, one of the most common and serious manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection was pneumonia. Therefore, it is logical to ask whether the COVID-19 pandemic has played a role in the increase in Spain in the number of cases of pneumococcal disease caused by antibiotic-resistant strains. The instinctual response is that there should be no relationship, since COVID-19 is a viral disease and therefore should not be treated with antibiotics.
Although it is still too early to answer this question, a study coordinated by researchers from the Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory of the National Microbiology Center of the Carlos III Health Institute and the Center for Network Biomedical Research on Respiratory Diseases found indications that such a relationship may in fact exist.
To carry out this national surveillance study, researchers analyzed 3017 clinical isolates of pneumonia that were unresponsive to penicillin treatment received at the Spanish Pneumococcus Reference Laboratory between 2004 and 2020. These isolates were from adults hospitalized with invasive pneumococcal disease or nonbacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia.
However, the data showed a worrying trend: an increase in serotypes not included in the 13-valent vaccine, mainly 11A and 24F.
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