Study: COVID pandemic reversed ten years of progress in reducing cardiovasculardeaths in US KeeleUniversity
Although cardiovascular mortality increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about how these patterns varied across key subgroups, include age, sex, and race and ethnicity, as well as by specific cause of CV death.The Centers for Disease Control WONDER database was used to evaluate trends in age-adjusted CV mortality between 1999 and 2020 among US adults aged 18 and older. Overall, there was a 4.
The relative CV mortality increase between 2019 and 2020 was higher for adults under 55 years of age , versus adults aged 55–74 and adults 75 and older . Hispanic adults experienced a 9.4% increase in CV mortality versus 4.3% for non-Hispanic adults . Black adults experienced the largest % increase in CV mortality at 10.6% versus 3.5% increase for White adults. Among individual causes of CV mortality, there was an increase between 2019 and 2020 of 4.3% for ischemic heart disease , 15.
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Prevalence and trend of smokeless tobacco use and its associated factors among adolescents aged 12–16 years in 138 countries/territories, 1999–2019 - BMC MedicineBackground Smokeless tobacco use is popular in some regions worldwide, but it receives less attention compared to cigarette smoking. We aimed to estimate the recent prevalence of, and trends in, smokeless tobacco use and to examine its associated factors among adolescents aged 12–16 years in 138 countries/territories (hereafter “countries”) from 1999 to 2019. Methods Data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey conducted in 138 countries in 2010–2019 and the National Youth Tobacco Survey conducted in the United States in 2019 were used to calculate the prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use and investigate its associated factors among adolescents aged 12–16 years. We also assessed the trend in the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use in 100 countries that had conducted more than one survey from 1999 to 2019. Results The overall prevalence of current smokeless tobacco use was 4.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.0–4.9), with 5.7% (5.1–6.3) for boys, 3.1% (2.6–3.5) for girls, 3.9% (3.5–4.4) for adolescents aged 12–14 years and 5.4% (4.8–5.9) for those aged 15–16 years. The prevalence was highest in the South-East Asian region (6.1%, 4.4–7.7) and lowest in the Western Pacific region (2.0%, 1.7–2.4). The prevalence of smokeless tobacco use decreased in 57 of 100 countries, increased in 32 countries, and remained unchanged in 11 countries. Current cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR]=2.00, 95% CI=1.68–2.39), other tobacco product use (OR=6.03, 95% CI=4.92–7.40), tobacco advertisement exposure (OR=1.44, 95% CI=1.19–1.74), being offered free tobacco products (OR=2.01, 95% CI=1.66–2.42), and not being taught about dangers of smoking (OR=1.28, 95% CI=1.09–1.50) were all positively associated with current smokeless tobacco use. Conclusions Smokeless tobacco use among adolescents remains a public health concern worldwide. Although the prevalence among adolescents decreased in most countries, it remains high especially in the South-East Asian region. More strict and effective st
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