How does imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity drive convergent Omicron evolution? evolution SARSCoV2 immunity COVID19 coronavirus covid Omicron
By Neha MathurNov 2 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* server, researchers examined how imprinted severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 humoral immunity drives convergent evolution in continuously emerging Omicron subvariants.
About the study In the present study, researchers constructed pseudoviruses of 50 Omicron subvariants, including Omicron BA.2, BA.2.75, and BA.4/5, carrying convergent mutations. They examined the neutralizing activities of therapeutic neutralizing antibodies and convalescent plasma against them. The latter had monoclonal antibodies generated naturally following BA.2 and BA.5 breakthrough infections.
Next, the researchers examined the relative human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 binding capability of these convergent variants by evaluating hACE2 inhibitory efficiency against the pseudoviruses. Notably, ACE2-binding affinity determines the transmission potential of a SARS-CoV-2 variant. Further, plasma from convalescents with BA.5 breakthrough infection exhibited higher neutralization against BA.5 subvariants, such as BQ.1 and BQ.1.1. Clearly, Omicron BA.5-based vaccine boosters could prove beneficial against convergent variants of BA.5 sublineages. However, it is also likely that some mutations in the N-terminal domain , such as Y144del in BQ.1.18, could severely reduce BA.5 breakthrough infection plasma neutralization titers.
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