A century ago, artists in Mexico began transforming walls into works of art, fueling the country's burgeoning muralist movement.
A tourist takes a photo backdropped by the"Alegoria de la Virgen de Guadalupe" mural, in the main entrance of the Antiguo Colegio de San Ildefonso, in Mexico City, Wednesday, April 26, 2023. The mural was created by Mexican artist Fermin Revueltas between 1922 and 1923, when the walls of San Ildefonso became the canvases where the muralist movement came to life.
Many of the wall paintings criticize political leaders, inequality or the Catholic Church because the young muralists were influenced by revolutionary nationalism and academic scholarship that transformed their ideas about the Indigenous population. For a few other muralists – such as Revueltas and Fernando Leal – the goal was to find new ways to portray what the military and spiritual conquest led by the Spaniards meant.
The Jesuits arrived in the capital half a century after the Spanish conquest, in 1572, and a few years later they founded San Ildefonso, a school for seminarians and missionaries. Their objective was to educate the descendants of Spaniards – the “criollo” – who were born in the colony, Chávez said. The painting is not meant to inspire devotion, Chávez said, but to portray how Our Lady of Guadalupe unifies people of different races and origins.On the right side of the main stairs of San Ildefonso, a piece by Jean Charlot illustrates the massacre that the Spaniards led in the most sacred site of the Aztec empire – Templo Mayor – in 1521.
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How Mexico City's mural movement transformed walls into artA century ago, artists in Mexico began transforming walls into works of art, fueling the country's burgeoning muralist movement. To honor those artists and their work, a former Jesuit college in Mexico City is hosting an exhibition that showcases the significance of this monumental movement. Experts say muralism arose in a highly politicized context, and many of the wall paintings criticize political leaders, inequality or the Catholic Church. At the time, the young muralists were influenced by revolutionary nationalism and academic scholarship that transformed their ideas about the country's Indigenous population. Some artists expressed their social and political views by painting divine figures or religious references.
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