Photonic thermometers, which measure temperature using light, have the potential to revolutionize temperature measurement by being faster, smaller, and more robust than traditional thermometers. In essence, the sensors work by passing light into a structure that is sensitive to temperature. The light that comes out of the device gives scientists information about the temperature to which the sensor was exposed.
Someday, these tiny thermometers—and additional types of photonic sensors, which measure strain, humidity, acceleration, and other quantities—could be embedded into structures such as buildings or bridges as they are built. By measuring these properties as concrete or cement is setting, photonic sensors could give engineers valuable information about how the structure has formed, which can help them project how the structure will fare in the long term.
Red laser light in a fiber optic cable. The photonic thermometer sensor sits inside the end of a cable like this one. Credit: Jennifer Lauren Lee/NIST Demonstration of a “beat” pattern with two tuning forks that are almost identical but slightly off from each other in tone. If you play them at the same time, the tones will interfere with each other and create beating, where the sound gets alternately loud and soft.
Combs can be used for all sorts of things, from building atomic clocks to acting as a reference, or a sort of ruler, for light that scientists can use to measure a light signal coming out of their experiment. To read the signal more easily, the researchers create a second comb that is almost an exact copy of the first—almost, but not quite. Researchers then combine the light from both combs and send it into the sensor.
Importantly, the"dip" in wavelength in the optical regime, which tells researchers what temperature the sensor is experiencing, also results in a"dip" in the RF output. That makes the drop in amplitude for a particular wavelength more noticeable.
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