Intranasal vaccine represents an effective broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccine strategy biorxivpreprint COVID19 vaccine coronavirus covid SARSCoV2 intranasalvaccine vaccination
By Neha MathurOct 6 2022Reviewed by Danielle Ellis, B.Sc. In a recent study posted to the bioRxiv* server, researchers evaluated the efficacy of dNS1-RBD, a novel intranasal coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine.
Furthermore, immunity escaping variants are continuously emerging yet , and SARS-CoV-2 has several animal host reservoirs . All these factors make SARS-CoV-2 viable to co-exist with humans for many years and pose a continuing threat. Thus, there is a need to continually develop broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccines that work via different immune mechanisms and delivery routes.
Since a vaccine could induce a protective immune mechanism via four routes, innate immunity, trained immunity, cellular immune responses covering the URT and LRT, and RBD-targeting antibodies, the researchers evaluated dNS1-RBD efficacy from all four aspects. The team used ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis to explore the innate immune response elicited by dNS1-RBD.
Study findings The primary study finding was that dNS1-RBD vaccination helped the host maintain tissue homeostasis, which provided pathological protection against SARS-CoV-2 by inducing trained immunity with broad-spectrum antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, dNS1-RBD activated alveolar macrophages, myeloid dendritic cells, and natural killer cells and remodeled the chromatin openness of these cells.
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