Researchers have found a racial bias by match officials in the country’s top league, but say it could be linked to crowd pressure
Magistro and Wack studied data on every Serie A match between 2009 and 2021 for their paper in the journal, published by the British Sociological Association.They analysed data from FootyStats, WhoScored and FBref on tackles, fouls and cards against skin- tone data from theto scout players and is licensed to reproduce images of footballers, graphically representing them using one of 20 skin-tone categories.
It showed that lighter-skinned players were judged to have fouled an average of 21 times over a season compared with 25 for darker-skinned players, who got an average 3.9 yellow cards and 0.22 red cards per season compared with 3.5 yellows and 0.19 reds per lighter-skinned player. “We also found darker-skinned players are less likely to play aggressively. People had said: ‘Maybe some of these players come from different leagues where they play more aggressively’. We tested for that and they actually play less aggressively, possibly knowing they’re more likely to receive sanctions.”
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