Storm Daniel was by no means the only factor behind the devastation wrought on the city of Derna
, the country has mainly been governed by two rival administrations, one in Tripoli and the other in Tobruk, each supported by an assembly of rival external actors including Turkey, the UAE, Qatar, Egypt and Russia’s Wagner Group.
Post-Gaddafi, the two sides have been similarly centralised. Ministers in the government of national unity, based in west of the country, were nominated by militia. In the east, a relentless centralisation drive by the authoritarian head of the Libyan National Army, Gen Khalifa Haftar, and his family similarly ended up with numerous executives nominated by Haftar or his associates.The two sides were at all-out war as recently as 2020.
Municipal city council elections were scheduled to be held this month, with lists and voter registration compiled. In recent weeks, however, members of the Awliya al-Dam brigades loyal to Haftar burned campaign posters and threatened candidates with kidnapping and murder, demanding the cancellation of the elections and the installation of a military governor in the city. The head of the electoral commission reported he was being threatened.
Money was set aside for work on the dams, but an audit circulating online shows little of it seems to have been spent. Once the floodwaters overwhelmed the first dam they quickly accumulated behind the second, causing it too to burst.
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