Orion broadcasts its data signal toward Earth, where it is received by NASA's Deep Space Network, but amateur observers can also tune in throughout the mission.
was of one of the signal's harmonics — parts of the transmission's frequency wave that are whole number multiples of the signal's fundamental, or primary, frequency.
This particular harmonic is what Tilley calls the"Lower 45," as it can be found 45.45454545 kilohertz below the signal's nominal frequency. In an email to Space.com about the recording, Tilley wrote that these harmonics can be useful for helping to track Orion using the Doppler effect, a change in a wave's frequency caused by changes in an observer's position relative to the signal source.
A view of the moon from NASA's Artemis 1 Orion spacecraft as it approaches its final close flyby of the lunar surface on Dec. 5, 2022. "Artemis1 sends a data signal that repeats every 528 microseconds," Tilley told Space.com."Repeating elements of the signal's contents cause it to create strong signal elements that appear as weak repeating carriers. The frequency behavior of the carriers are being used to study the trajectory of the mission via the Doppler effect."
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