Marburg virus outbreak: researchers race to test vaccines

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Marburg virus outbreak: researchers race to test vaccines
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Health officials are sprinting to test whether experimental vaccines can protect against a deadly illness, after Equatorial Guinea confirmed its first outbreak of Marburg virus disease

Marburg virus particles in infected tissue. The virus causes a deadly disease characterized by haemorrhagic fever.Health officials worldwide are sprinting to test whether experimental vaccines can protect against a deadly illness, after Equatorial Guinea confirmed its first outbreak of Marburg virus disease on 13 February. The virus is related to Ebola, and causes similar symptoms of haemorrhagic fever. It has a fatality rate of up to 88%.

“I cannot emphasize enough the need for speed,” said John Edmunds, an epidemiologist at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, at the WHO meeting.The outbreak is in the north of Equatorial Guinea, in the Kié-Ntem province, which borders Cameroon and Gabon. It has been linked to 9 deaths among 25 suspected cases, with the first known case dating to early January. This makes it larger than many of the 16 Marburg outbreaks that have previously been detected, Edmunds tells.

The Sabin Vaccine Institute in Washington DC has a candidate vaccine that uses a modified chimpanzee adenovirus to deliver instructions for cells to make a Marburg virus protein, whereas a candidate made by Janssen in Beerse, Belgium, uses the human adenovirus on which the company’s successful COVID-19 vaccine was based .

If a vaccine trial in Equatorial Guinea were to go ahead, an independent group of experts that advises the WHO would make decisions about which vaccines to test, says Anna Maria Henao Restrapo, who co-leads the WHO’s R&D Blueprint effort to lay the groundwork for such studies during outbreaks. Any trial would also require the permission and involvement of Equatorial Guinea’s government.

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