The most powerful volcanic eruptions in the Solar System occur not on Earth, but on Io, a sulfurous moon orbiting the planet Jupiter.
And now, researchers from the Planetary Science Institute in the US have noticed a recent outburst that's been surprisingly productive, even for a hellish world like Io.
This is all down to its relationship with Jupiter: Io orbits on an elliptical path, resulting in variations in the gravitational pull that change the shape of theThe other Galilean moons tug on Io too. This creates frictional heating inside Io, which then spews out molten material from its interior. This is how he sees that Io has a volcanic outburst every year; and how he was able to see that sulfur and sodium were being pumped into the torus in fall of last year.
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