Brain scans of obese teenagers showed damage in areas of the brain related to emotional control, reward, motor, sensory, and cognitive functions.
Obesity has been linked to brain damage in teenagers, with scans revealing impairment in regions associated with emotions, cognitive function and appetite control.
"Our maps showed a positive correlation between brain changes and hormones such as leptin and insulin," said study co-author Pamela Bertolazzi, a Ph.D. student and biomedical scientist at the University of São Paulo in Brazil, in"Furthermore, we found a positive association with inflammatory markers, which leads us to believe in a process of neuroinflammation besides insulin and leptin resistance.
The researchers used a technique called diffusion tensor imaging . This enables scientists to monitor the distribution of water along the brain's signal-carrying white matter tracts as a direct measure of brain damage. Specifically, they used a measurement called fractional anisotropy —a reduction in FA directly positively correlates to greater damage of the white matter.
This damage correlated with higher levels of hormones such as leptin and insulin. The first is produced by the body's fat cells and is associated with the regulation of appetite and fat stores. Leptin resistance can cause people to keep eating even if the body has sufficient fat stores, and results in the production of more leptin. The second is produced in the pancreas and helps control blood sugar levels.
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