By comparing blood samples from twins, one in space and one earthbound, researchers found that an individual's gene expression can be altered dramatically after spending a year in space.
at Colorado State University. “I won’t go so far as to say that space is a fountain of youth — but on Earth, this isn’t in the literature.”
Other notable changes in space included weight loss, a reshuffling of the microbes in Scott’s gut, and increased thickness of the carotid artery that carries blood to the head and neck, which can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and stroke.The thickness of Scott’s retinal nerve also increased, as did the folds in the choroid layer that surrounds the eye, which can affect vision clarity, according to Feinberg.
“Scott felt physically like he needed to go to the ER, and we could see why,” he said. “I’ve never seen stress biomarkers so high. Ever.” The twins’ speed and accuracy on a battery of cognitive function tests were comparable before the mission, but Scott’s declined significantly for at least six months after it. Researchers said Scott’s results could have been affected by various factors unrelated to space travel, such as mental exhaustion or indifference.
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