New variants of human metapneumovirus surge in Spain post-COVID, highlighting evolution and impact HMPV RespiratoryInfections ViralResearch GeneticDiversity EvolutionaryDynamics InfectionControl metapneumovirus biainfection
By Dr. Priyom Bose, Ph.D.May 31 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. An important aetiologic agent of upper respiratory tract infection and lower respiratory tract infection in adults and children is the human metapneumovirus . A recent Journal of Infection study explores the genetic diversity, prevalence, and evolutionary dynamics of HMPV.
The genome of HMPV consists of eight genes encoding nine proteins. The scheme in which the proteins are encoded is 3’-N-P-M-F-M2- SH-G-L-5’. Laboratory-confirmed HMPV was characterized based on partial-coding G gene sequences. For the assembly of nucleotide sequences, the MEGA.v6.0 was used. Related StoriesIn the summer of 2021, HMPV and HRSV were again in circulation and caused two epidemic peaks, the second of which started in the autumn. This could be due to a lack of viral interference at that time or the relaxation of preventive measures by Spanish people. During the second peak, the prevalence of HMPV was higher compared to previous seasons, likely because two generations had not yet experienced primary infection.
A pattern of cyclic shifts of predominance with respect to the circulation of HMPV-A was observed. In addition, an increasing prevalence of A2c viruses carrying duplications was observed, with A2c180dup first described, followed by A2c111dup. The dominance of A2c111dup indicates that the 180-nucleotide duplication covers much of the F protein, which could impact membrane fusion and prevent virus replication.
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