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Multicolored tracts emanate from additional 'extrareticular' brainstem nuclei that are now believed to contribute to wakefulness in the human brain.Despite scientists and philosophers prodding the brain and probing human consciousness for centuries, researchers have only come to understand it in
In hospitalized patients with brainstem lesions, most of the unconscious patients had damage to one particular part of their brainstem called the rostral dorsolateral, whereas only one conscious patient did. The newfound connection between the brainstem and two cortical regions was also disrupted in comatose patients and those in a vegetative state, as seen on brain scans.
That's partly because neuroimaging techniques couldn't tease apart the activity of individual neurons bundled into the brainstem or networks emanating from it, upwards into the brain. They named this proposed web extending out of the brainstem the default ascending arousal network – default for the way no active input is required – and hoped to find more evidence of its connections to centers of awareness in the cortex.
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