One of the biggest challenges facing Ethereum today is scalability. Optimistic rollups and ZK rollups are some of the most promising ways to increase throughput and lower costs. Let's compare these two 🔎
of the rollups themselves. Consequently, they are more expensive and harder to implement than optimistic rollups. They also may not support all types of smart contracts or functionalities that Ethereum offers.Here is a quick overview table comparing optimistic and ZK-rollups according to different attributes:One of the main goals of rollup solutions is to increase the throughput of transactions on Ethereum and reduce the gas fees for users.
Optimistic rollups are vulnerable to censorship attacks, where a malicious sequencer or validator can delay or prevent valid transactions from being submitted to the main chain. They also rely on users and validators to monitor the side chain and challenge any fraudulent transactions within a certain time window. If no one challenges a fraudulent transaction, it can be finalized on the main chain and cause users to lose their funds.
ZK-rollups have high latency for users, as they have to wait for the zero-knowledge proofs to be generated and verified by the side chain before receiving confirmation. However, they also have low latency for finality, as they do not have a challenge period and their transactions are finalized on the main chain as soon as they are submitted. This can take from seconds to minutes depending on the block time and gas price.
before sending or receiving transactions. This can expose some information about users’ activity patterns and balances.Validity proofs prove that a batch of transactions on the L2 is correct and consistent with the L1. Both validity-proof types have advantages and disadvantages in terms of scalability and security. The choice between them depends on the specific requirements and trade-offs of each application. Fraud proofs are faster and more flexible, but also more vulnerable to attacks or errors. Zero-knowledge proofs are more secure and efficient, but also more complex and limited.
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