Researchers report that convalescent plasma treatment is most effective in treating hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
By Hugo Francisco de SouzaAug 17 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent study posted to the medRxiv preprint server, researchers report that convalescent plasma treatment is most effective in treating hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 patients with poor pre-existing anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody function.
Several vaccines have been developed against COVID-19; however, a significant proportion of the global population remains unvaccinated. The high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2 has contributed to the emergence of novel strains that are both more lethal and resistant to conventional vaccines, thus emphasizing the importance of effective therapies.
To this end, smaller randomized clinical trials have suggested that high-titer CCP benefits patients during the early stages of COVID-19. More extensive trials, which typically involved patients at later stages of disease, have negated these results and suggest that CCP might be harmful in patients with severe illness.
For the detection and quantification of antigens and antigen-specific humoral responses between study cohorts, a multiplexed Luminex bead array was employed. This array revealed the antigen-specific antibody isotype, subtype, and Fc-receptor binding levels. Functional assays revealed that CCP treatment leads to an immunodominance shift from a spike -targeted humoral response to a nucleocapsid protein-targeted approach. These findings indicate blunted inflammation is due to a decreased S response.
Combined with the array results, these findings suggest that the primary benefits of CCP may be due to the passive shift in immunodominance through antibody functional activity, with the direct neutralizing properties of CCP antibodies a secondary outcome.
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