This year’s Nobel prize for physics has been awarded to a trio of scientists whose insights into the fundamentals of quantum mechanics have set the stage for a new era of technology
are all rooted in experiments carried out, over several decades, by Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger.
In 1935 Einstein and two colleagues, Boris Podolsky and Nathan Rosen, proposed a thought experiment to probe whether the weird behaviour seen in entanglement implied that quantum mechanics was not a complete description of reality. Perhaps particles also carried with them hidden information, not described by quantum mechanics, about how they might behave during experiments or when they were measured.
The third laureate, Anton Zeilinger of the University of Vienna, has spent decades looking for ways to put quantum entanglement to use. In 1997 he showed that it was possible to transfer information between particles, a process called “quantum teleportation”. He also demonstrated that two pairs of entangled particles can interact in interesting ways—bring together one particle from each entangled pair and the two remaining particles will themsleves become entangled.
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