Today’s poem-writing AI has ancestry in punch-card machines, trundling robots and godlike gaming engines
Nearly 70 years after ‘the first machine capable of having an original idea’, there’s still no serious rival to the human brain.Nearly 70 years after ‘the first machine capable of having an original idea’, there’s still no serious rival to the human brain.n the winter of 1958, a 30-year-old psychologist named Frank Rosenblatt was en route from Cornell University to the Office of Naval Research in Washington DC when he stopped for coffee with a journalist.
The history of AI, at least as written today, has no shortage of fathers. Many sired the same offspring. Rosenblatt is sometimes referred to as, a title shared with three other men. Alan Turing, the wartime codebreaker at Bletchley Park and founder of computer science, is considered a, Turing surveyed how machines may mimic intelligent behaviour.
“This is the postwar period,” says Dr Jonnie Penn, an associate teaching professor of AI ethics at the University of Cambridge. “The US government had understood nuclear weapons to have won the war. So science and technology could not have been on a higher high.” Twentieth-century AI did have notable successes, though. In 1997, IBM’s Deep Blue beat the chess grandmaster, Garry Kasparov. The contest made global headlines with Newsweek announcing “The Brain’s Last Stand”.During a game, Deep Blue scanned 200m positions a second and looked nearly 80 moves ahead. Recalling the contest, Kasparov said the machine “played like a god”.Real-world problems are messier: rules are unclear, information is missing.
“AlexNet was the first lesson that scale really matters,” says Prof Mirella Lapata, an expert on natural language processing at the University of Edinburgh. “People used to think that if we could put the knowledge we know about a task into a computer, the computer would be able to do that task. But the thinking has shifted. Computation and scale are much more important than human knowledge.
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