.michaelluo remembers Gene Tong, a popular herbal-medicine doctor in Los Angeles, who was hanged by a mob during one of the worst mass lynchings in American history.
Los Angeles, in the latter half of the nineteenth century, was an isolated and rough-hewn town, known for its lawlessness and disorder. A small population of Chinese immigrants from Guangdong Province made their way there, working as laundrymen, or as household cooks and servants; some leased small plots of land to farm vegetables that they then peddled from one-horse wagons. Most settled on a squalid stub of a street, near the former city center, called Calle de los Negros.
At the street’s southern end was a crumbling, low-slung adobe building that belonged to Antonio Francisco Coronel, a Mexican settler who became the city’s fourth mayor, in 1853. Coronel divided the one-story building into separate storefronts, from which various Chinese merchants ran their businesses, and where many also lived. It was here that Chee Long Tong, a popular herbal-medicine doctor who was known as Dr. Gene Tong, maintained an office, with a signboard hanging outside.
On the evening of October 24, 1871, a dispute occurred between rival factions in the Chinese quarter. A gunfight erupted in front of the Coronel building. When a police officer arrived on horseback to investigate, he was shot in the shoulder. He managed to stumble to safety and blow his police whistle; another white man, attempting to help with his pistol drawn, was also shot. Men who had converged on the scene dragged him to a nearby drugstore, where he died shortly afterward.
A group of men propped a ladder against the façade of the building and clambered up. They used axes to chop through the roof, opening several holes, and began shooting inside. A man who came running out of the building was immediately shot down. A group of rioters went from apartment to apartment. They entered apartment No. 6 and dragged out Tong, his wife, and Chang Wan. The mob took the two men up New High Street to the gate of an old corral.
Few Americans are aware of the massacre, or of the racist violence targeting Chinese immigrants on the Pacific Coast during the late nineteenth century. In 1992,
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