Research reveals the gut microbiota-brain axis as a critical link in understanding and treating neurological disorders through microbial interventions.
By Tarun Sai LomteReviewed by Susha Cheriyedath, M.Sc.Jul 23 2024 A recent study published in the journal MedComm reviewed the potential role of the gut microbiota-brain axis in neurological disorders.
Bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain. The main communication pathways between microbes and the brain include neural pathways, immune pathways, and metabolic signals. Gut disorders send signals to the brain via the vagus nerve, and a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in proinflammatory bacteria cause altered levels of microbial metabolites, including neurotransmitters, SCFA, and indole metabolites.
Nevertheless, probiotics and prebiotics can boost levels of specific microbes, with reports suggesting that probiotics can be effective in preventing ailments. The gut and the brain communicate through the vagus nerve and the autonomic nervous system. VN can sense and transmit microbiome information to the CNS. It also mediates gut bacterial effects on the brain. The enteric nervous system , regarded as the second brain, comprises a network of glial cells and neurons.
Related StoriesAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by inattention, impaired impulsivity, motor hyperactivity, and inappropriate development. Studies have revealed differences in the gut microbiota composition between healthy individuals and ADHD patients. AD, a neurogenerative disease, is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by impaired memory and cognition.
Gut microbiota modulation as a therapeutic intervention Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the most studied probiotics for neurological disorders, and their use has been associated with improvements in patients. Galacto- and fructo-oligosaccharides are dietary prebiotics with human health benefits. GOS and FOS can suppress interleukin-1β and reduce inflammation-related anxiety. Besides, GOS administration in ASD children increased their social behavior scores.
Anxiety Bacteria Central Nervous System Depression Diet Dysbiosis Genes Hyperactivity Inflammation Lactobacillus Meat Mental Health Metabolites Microglia Nerve Nervous System Neurodegenerative Diseases Neurons Prebiotics Probiotics
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