An article in BMCMedicine presents an umbrella review of several meta-analyses of observational studies on the risk or protective factors and the incidence of HPV infection, cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia, cervical cancer incidence and mortality.
]. A lack of evidence does not infer the absence of an association; however, where a weak evidence grade was assigned, this may suggest the need for further good-quality studies. This is particularly true in the context of associations that are widely thought to be causal, as downgrading of evidence results from presence of biases in the evaluated literature, not from suspected absence of association.
Possible limitations should be considered in the interpretation of our findings. This review relies on the previously published meta-analyses and literatures searches performed by the authors of those studies. Some literature may have been missed; however, the assessment of duplicate analyses did not highlight any discordant results which minimises this risk.
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Risk of hip fracture in meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians: a prospective cohort study of 413,914 UK Biobank participants - BMC MedicineBackground Meat-free diets may be associated with a higher risk of hip fracture, but prospective evidence is limited. We aimed to investigate the risk of hip fracture in occasional meat-eaters, pescatarians, and vegetarians compared to regular meat-eaters in the UK Biobank, and to explore the role of potential mediators of any observed risk differences. Methods Middle-aged UK adults were classified as regular meat-eaters (n = 258,765), occasional meat-eaters (n = 137,954), pescatarians (n = 9557), or vegetarians (n = 7638) based on dietary and lifestyle information at recruitment (2006–2010). Incident hip fractures were identified by record linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics up to September 2021. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate associations between each diet group and hip fracture risk, with regular meat-eaters as the reference group, over a median follow-up time of 12.5 years. Results Among 413,914 women, 3503 hip fractures were observed. After adjustment for confounders, vegetarians (HR (95% CI): 1.50 (1.18, 1.91)) but not occasional meat-eaters (0.99 (0.93, 1.07)) or pescatarians (1.08 (0.86, 1.35)) had a greater risk of hip fracture than regular meat-eaters. This is equivalent to an adjusted absolute risk difference of 3.2 (1.2, 5.8) more hip fractures per 1000 people over 10 years in vegetarians. There was limited evidence of effect modification by BMI on hip fracture risk across diet groups (pinteraction = 0.08), and no clear evidence of effect modification by age or sex (pinteraction = 0.9 and 0.3, respectively). Mediation analyses suggest that BMI explained 28% of the observed risk difference between vegetarians and regular meat-eaters (95% CI: 1.1%, 69.8%). Discussion Vegetarian men and women had a higher risk of hip fracture than regular meat-eaters, and this was partly explained by their lower BMI. Ensuring adequate nutrient intake and weight management are therefore particularly important in vegetarians in the context of hip
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Acute hearing and visual loss caused by thiamine deficiency - BMC NeurologyBackground Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is a devastating acute or subacute neurological disorder caused by thiamine deficiency. Wernicke encephalopathy is characterized by the triad of ocular signs, cerebellar dysfunction, and confusion. Visual loss and hearing loss are less common findings in WE. Here, we report a case of Wernicke encephalopathy in a nonalcoholic liver cirrhosis patient who presented with acute bilateral deafness and bilateral blindness. Case presentation A 60-year-old Chinese man presented with a history of bilateral blindness and bilateral hypoacousia for 3 days. He had a history of liver cirrhosis and chronic hepatitis C virus infection and did not have a habit of alcohol consumption. Ophthalmologic and otologic examinations showed no obvious abnormalities. MRI findings revealed symmetric fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities in the bilateral medial dorsal thalamus, periventricular region around the third ventricle and tectum, and dorsal medulla oblongata. One day after hospitalization, the patient developed a mild coma. Based on the laboratory and neuroimaging findings, we diagnosed the patient with Wernicke encephalopathy. He soon regained consciousness after administration of thiamine. Both his visual acuity and his hearing function improved gradually. Conclusions We suggest that Wernicke encephalopathy can present with bilateral blindness and bilateral deafness.
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Seven swimming pools in West Yorkshire at risk of closureThe leisure centres in West Yorkshire are in need of essential repairs, councillors were told.
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Major demolition and revamp of school at 'massive risk'A site visit will be held with councillors later this month ahead of deciding whether to redevelop part of West Nottinghamshire College
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Full list of 15 Nottinghamshire Wilko stores at risk of closureThe high street giant, which has its headquarters in Worksop, intends to appoint administrators
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Urgent warning to parents as popular snack recalled over choking riskPARENTS have been warned not to give their children a popular snack over choking fears. Health chiefs said the affected treats contain banned ingredients that could cause “a choking hazard…
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