A century and a half after the Challenger mission transformed our understanding of the seas, researchers meet to tackle the latest threats
remained a distant threat. “The picture of the oceans that was revealed by Challenger provides us with a perfect baseline for looking at the state of our seas today,” said Owens, who will speak at the Challenger 150 conference which opens in London on 6 September.
Apart from measuring sea depths, temperatures and currents, the expedition collected marine life from every part of the ocean. More than 100,000 species were collected, preserved and returned to the expedition’s headquarters in Edinburgh. It took a further 20 years to study these specimens, among which more than 4,700 new species of plants and sea life were discovered. The final report, completed by John Murray after Thomson’s death in 1882, ran to 50 volumes.
“Until then, science tended to be carried out by individuals working in small laboratories. Challenger changed that. It tackled geology, chemistry, biology and a host of other disciplines. It led to the birth of international interdisciplinary projects that now form the mainstay of research into topics such as climate change.”
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