South China Sea: a visual guide to the key shoals, reefs and islands

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South China Sea: a visual guide to the key shoals, reefs and islands
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Territorial confrontations are rising between China and a host of other nations in waters that are key to global trade. Here is a map and guide to the region, showing why its fate matters

A Chinese navy ship patrols near the China-controlled Scarborough Shoal, in disputed waters of the South China Sea in February 2024. Photograph: Ted Aljibe/AFP/Getty Images

Below is a list of the key land formations in the area, who controls them, the confrontations and why they matter.‘I did it as quietly as I could’: the navy chief who wrecked his ship to scupper China’s ambitions: for the Philippines, the Sierra Madre serves as a symbol of the country’s defiance against Chinese expansionism. However, it is in a dilapidated state and some analysts warn it could be on the verge of collapse.

Satellite images of Mischief reef in the Spratly islands in 2015 and 2020. China has militarised the reef and built it up into an artificial island.

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