The impact of COVID-19 vaccination and boosters on maternal SARS-CoV-2 infections and birth outcomes LancetDigitalH isbsci COVID19 coronavirus covid SARSCoV2 infection birth maternalhealth health vaccination vaccine booster
By Dr. Liji Thomas, MDAug 4 2023Reviewed by Sophia Coveney During the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, pregnancy was recognized to be a high-risk condition for adverse outcomes following infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 .
Babies born to vaccinated mothers were also less likely to be hospitalized for reasons linked to COVID-19 during the first six months of infancy, and more so if the mother was also boosted. Other outcomes, such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and stillbirth, as well as overall hospitalization rates during neonatal life, have not been compared between vaccinated and unvaccinated people.
Related StoriesThe researchers also created two matched cohorts for vaccinated vs. unvaccinated people and vaccinated unboosted vs. boosted people, including ~17,000 unvaccinated, and 4,400 vaccinated unboosted people, respectively. This was to reduce the effects of confounding factors on the final outcomes.
Vaccinated people were more often Asian or non-Hispanic, were less likely to smoke, drink, or abuse drugs, have chronic diabetes, hypertension, and had fewer children. Most COVID-19 cases occurred among unvaccinated mothers, especially during the pre-Omicron period. Once Omicron became dominant, vaccinated mothers were at greater risk for COVID-19, with boosted people having the highest incidence compared to unboosted vaccinated mothers.
Vaccination was associated with a lower risk of preterm birth, stillbirth, and very low birth weight babies, though the differences in percentage points were small. The risk of stillbirth was halved, and that of preterm births reduced by one-eighth in the vaccinated cohort. The risk of VLBW dropped by a third, and the low birth weight risk was also lower.
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