The role of the fungal mycobiome in women's health Microbiome WomensHealth mycobiome breastmilk candida dysbiosis JoF_MDPI CUNY
By Pooja Toshniwal PahariaMar 15 2023Reviewed by Benedette Cuffari, M.Sc. In a recent review published in the Journal of Fungi, researchers in New York, USA, review existing data on the association between human mycobiota and female health.Bacteria and fungal infections Previous studies have reported considerable diversity in the human mycobiome.
The fungal microbiome of women The oral mycobiome is dominated by Candida, Cladosporium, Aureobasidium, Saccharomycetales, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Cryptococcus, Pichia, and Malassezia, whereas human breast milk is dominated by Candida, Cryptococcus, and Saccharomyces. The fungal microbiome varies considerably by age, gender, physical exercise, routine activities, nutrition, infections, and medications, particularly antibiotic and antifungal drugs. Human immunodeficiency virus infections and smokeless tobacco consumption significantly reduce fungal microbial diversity and richness, thereby resulting in Pichia dominance, which can lead to oral cancers.
Significance of mycobiota dysbiosis on female health Elevated counts of Exophiala and Filobasidium have been reported among intrauterine adhesion patients, with reduced fibrosis and inflammation in vagina tissues exposed to C. parapsilosis. Vaginal mycobiome dysbiosis also destroys the bacterial microbiome of the vagina.
In the cutaneous lesions of atopic dermatitis, lower Malassezia counts and increased filamentous fungal organisms’ have been observed. Comparatively, increased Malassezia abundance is related to pancreatic and colorectal cancer development. Cutaneous fungal microbes such as Candida and Malassezia produce robust immune responses and sensitize the skin at lesional sites.
Mycobiome changes also alter bacterial microbiota, thereby influencing essential metabolites in the human body, including organic acids, short-chain fatty acids, butyrate, succinate, and taurine.
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