The first Manhattan Project test of the brand-new atomic bomb in a New Mexico spread fallout farther than anyone had imagined in 1945, including a significant amount in Utah.
The study also documents significant deposition in Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona and Idaho.
A photo provided by the U.S. Department of Defense shows the mushroom cloud caused by the Trinity nuclear test, on July 16, 1945. An undated photo provided by the National Archives and Records Administration of an envelope sent to General Groves, which contained contaminated film scans from Rochester, N.Y., an early indicator that the fallout from the Trinity nuclear test was spreading nationwide.
In the decades that followed, a lack of crucial data bedeviled assessments and attempted studies of the Trinity test’s fallout. The U.S. had no national monitoring stations in place in 1945 to track the fallout, Philippe said. Plus, essential historical weather and atmospheric data was available only from 1948 onward. Remodeling fallout from tests in Nevada — starting in 1951 — was easier, but Trinity remained frustratingly difficult to reanalyze.
“For the first time, we had the most accurate hourly reconstruction of the weather back to 1940, around the world,” said Compo, who became a co-author on the study. “Every single event that puts something in the air, no matter what it is, can now be tracked, by the hour.” The results show that New Mexico was heavily affected by Trinity’s fallout. Computations by Philippe and his colleagues show the cloud’s trajectory primarily spreading up over northeast New Mexico and a part of the cloud circling to the south and west of ground zero over the next few days. The researchers wrote that there are “locations in New Mexico where radionuclide deposition reached levels on par with Nevada.
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