Two years after the first Covid shots went into arms, a growing chorus of researchers is calling for a new generation of vaccines that provide broader and more long-term protection against the disease.
“It may be that the vaccines were their own worst enemies in some ways, because they were so good initially that people had an expectation that went beyond reason,” Graham said.
Nurse Annabelle Jimenez congratulates Sandra Lindsay after she is inoculated with the Covid-19 vaccine at Long Island Jewish Medical Center in Queens, N.Y., on Dec. 14, 2020.“I was in TJ Maxx the other day and this man who I didn’t expect was basically bowing down at my feet, [saying] that through my one action, I saved his life, his family’s lives, and so many more,” Lindsay said. “Those are the stories that just solidify for me that what I did on that day made a big difference.
“It’s sort of akin to having guards placed outside the door in the mucus layer, versus waiting for the invaders to come in,” said Dr. Akiko Iwasaki, an immunobiology professor at Yale University who is developing an intranasal Covid vaccine. Curiel developed the technology for the nasal vaccine approved in India. But the vaccine hasn’t entered trials in the U.S., and trial results from India haven’t been published in a peer-reviewed journal.
Miller and his McMaster colleagues are testing two inhaled vaccines in phase 1 human trials. The more effective candidate will likely advance to phase 2, he said. “If we can give a vaccine at the site where infection typically occurs, we would always love to do it that way. The challenge, of course, is that sometimes it doesn’t generate the same type of bloodstream immunity that we really want,” said Dr. Buddy Creech, director of the Vanderbilt Vaccine Research Program.
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