As the number of young people using electronic nicotine delivery systems grows, so does evidence that e-cigarettes may be harmful to human health.
Research has linked nicotine-containing e-cigarettes with acute changes in several measures of blood flow, including increases in blood pressure and heart rate, Rose said. Other e-cigarette ingredients, particularly flavoring agents, independently carry risks associated with heart and lung diseases in animals, and negative effects have been shown in studies of individuals exposed to chemicals in commercially available products, he said.
E-cigarette companies position their products as one way to help people quit smoking traditional cigarettes, but there is no strong evidence to support this beyond any short-term benefit, experts say. E-cigarette products are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration for tobacco cessation. The AHA recommends cessation counseling, along with personalized nicotine replacement therapy with FDA-approved doses and formulations to help people stop smoking. It also recommends medication to help control cravings.
There are limited studies looking at the effect of e-cigarette use on heart attacks and strokes. And much of the research that has been done has focused on people who were former or current traditional cigarette users. However, a recent analysis cited in the report found a significant association between former or current e-cigarette users and the development of several types of respiratory diseases within two years of use.
The writing committee recommended that future research focus on the long-term effects of e-cigarette use on the heart, blood vessels and lungs. The statement also calls for studies to include people with pre-existing cardiopulmonary disease, such as coronary artery disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, to compare the effects of e-cigarette use with traditional smoking and how people who use both types of nicotine delivery may be affected.
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