Many scientists think that changing the clocks messes with humans’ circadian rhythms
SOMETIMES THE decision to change a country’s time zone can be political. Despite its vastness, all of China runs on Beijing time—a decision taken by Mao Zedong in 1949 to instil unity. For almost three years recently North Korea existed in its very own time zone, half an hour behind its southern neighbour, in keeping with its hermit tendencies. But more often countries fiddle with the time of day for practical reasons.
In the 18th century Benjamin Franklin mooted the idea of moving the clocks forward in the summer. But the practice really took hold during the first world war. Germany, France and Britain calculated that by adding an extra hour’s daylight in the evening, a saving could be made on coal. This, in turn, would help the war effort. Later, other benefits suggested themselves. It might increase consumer spending, as shoppers are encouraged to stay out later into the evening. It might even reduce crime.
So, will Europeans opt to stick with winter or summer time? This has not been decided. It could be that each country will choose for itself, though each is likely to take careful note of neighbours’ decisions. The benefit, it seems, is felt not so much in deciding how long the evening is, or how dark the morning. It is in keeping it consistent throughout the year.
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