World may be on brink of new inflationary era, says central bank chief

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World may be on brink of new inflationary era, says central bank chief
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Agustín Carstens challenges Bank of England’s outlook, which estimates inflation will fall next year

Carstens said a trend for manufacturers to cut back extensive global supply chains in response to the pre-pandemic trade war between the US and China and, more recently, sanctions on Russia, meant production costs would be higher for a longer period than central banks and independent economists currently estimate.

“What starts as temporary can become entrenched, as behaviour adapts if what starts that way goes far enough and lasts long enough. It’s hard to establish where that threshold lies, and we may find out only after it has been crossed,” he said., which estimates that inflation should begin to fall next year after only a modest rise in interest rates., suggested comparisons with the 1970s when inflation was persistently higher were unrealistic.

He said changes to the UK labour market since the 1970s – when trade union membership was at its peak – meant workers do not have the same power to demand higher wages to compensate for higher inflation. This would make it unlikely for the UK to experience a wage-price spiral, whereby workers demanding higher pay leads companies to raise their prices.

Unlike Carstens, who said there was a risk of high inflation becoming entrenched in the public consciousness, Cunliffe said there were few signs of this so far.“I am not at present convinced that we will inevitably have to lean heavily and constantly against an embedding of an inflationary psychology.”

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